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 BUILDING THE SUPPLY CHAIN FOR COVID- 19 VACCINES ,WHAT WERE THE...

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 BUILDING THE SUPPLY CHAIN FOR COVID- 19 VACCINES ,WHAT WERE THE...

 BUILDING THE SUPPLY CHAIN FOR COVID- 19 VACCINES ,WHAT WERE THE PROS AND CONS OF PRE -APPROVAL PURCHASE AGREEMENT WITH THE US OR OTHER NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS . EXPLAIN IN DETAIL AND ELABORATE FURTHER IN THESE POINTS AS WELL AS ADD OTHER PRO AND CONS AND PROVIDE RFERENCES

Pros:

Securing a supply of vaccines for the government or group is one of the main advantages of PPAs. There was a possibility that there wouldn't be enough vaccines accessible when they were approved while vaccines were being created and tested. National governments could ensure a supply of vaccines by signing a PPA before the vaccine received approval.

 

Reducing financial risk: PPAs enabled pharmaceutical companies to reduce the financial risk of developing and producing vaccines. Companies could invest in developing and producing vaccines without worrying about being unable to sell them once they were authorized by having a guaranteed purchase agreement in place.

 

Faster distribution: With a PPA in place, national governments could get vaccines immediately after they were authorized, without needing to hold out for further talks or contracts to be signed. As a result, vaccines could be distributed more quickly, which was essential in the early phases of the pandemic.

 

Cons:

 

Limited access: PPAs can limit vaccine access for countries that cannot join such agreements. Vaccine access may be delayed if smaller or lower-income nations need more resources or negotiating power to obtain a PPA. Poorer nations continue to wait longer than necessary to receive the COVID-19 vaccines, even as many other countries continue to acquire the vaccines and carry out immunization campaigns

Price: Since pharmaceutical firms may charge a premium for the guaranteed purchase agreement, PPAs may increase vaccine prices. Higher expenses for national governments may prevent them from making other necessary medical supply purchases or investing in other public health initiatives.

 

Ethical issues: Using PPAs raises ethical issues, especially regarding the distribution of vaccines. Some contend that PPAs favour affluent nations over those in developing countries, which can worsen global disparities in vaccine access.

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